1.1) THE COMPLETE LIST OF CHURCH SITES IN KERALA AS MENTIONED IN THE SURVEYS & MEMOIRS OF WARD & CONNER

The list consists of 162 church sites or villages (157 identified and 5 unidentified) from Kerala. In some cases, more than one church is reported from locations, and the numbers are quoted separately in brackets. Based on this data, at least 30 additional churches can be enumerated from 20 villages in Kerala. The total number of churches reported in Kerala is therefore 192 (162+30) at least.

LIST OF VILLAGES WITH MORE THAN ONE CHURCH REPORTED
1-Alappuzha (4)
2-Ambazhakkad (2)
3-Angamaly (3)
4-Changanassery (4)
5-Kaduthuruthy (3)
6-Kakkad (2)
7-Kannur (2)
8-Kayamkulam (2)
9-Kollam (4)
10-Kothamangalam (numerous churches, 3?)
11-Kottayam (several churches, 3?)
12-Kunnamkulam (4)*
13-Mattancherry (2)
14-Mavelikkara (churches, at least 2)
15-Neendakara (a few inferior churches, at least 2)
16-North Paravur (churches, 2?)
17-Pulinkunnu (2)
18-Thalassery (2)
19- Thangassery (2)
20-near Aranmula (2)
The number of additional churches: 30
[*Out of the 4 churches in Kunnamkulam, two are actually from Kakkad-Chiralayam, so the total number churches come to 30 (32-2)]

I) LIST OF IDENTIFIED CHURCH SITES IN KERALA

 

DMM: Descriptive Memoir of Malabar; T&C-Vol. 1: Travancore and Cochin States, Volume 1; T&C-Vol. 2-I: Travancore and Cochin States, Volume 2, Part I, Travancore; T&C-Vol. 2-II: Travancore and Cochin States, Volume 2, Part II, Cochin;T&C-OD: Travancore and Cochin States, Official Diary by B. S. Ward.

 

 

1	Aithottuva, West Kallada Grama Panchayath, Kollam District 1.     Iythotum Moory (Moory=Hamlet) 2.     A Roman Syrian Church on the heights bordering the backwater. Its congregation of Maupolay (Mappila) Christians inhabit the small straggling village of Cannatarconum (modern Kanatharkunnam in Kollam District). 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
2	Alappuzha, Alappuzha Municipality, Alappuzha District 1.     Alleppey, Aulapolay (4 churches) 2.     ia) The Protestant Mission church building under the inspection of the Reverend Mr. Norton, in the interior and north of the canal, is a heavy pile, but large and commodious within. Three musjeeds, and a mosque, a Latin, and two Romo Syrian churches; ib) the Romo Syrian Churches, the sea custom house, the building by Nowrajees, the protestant Church, the Durgas and cemetries at Alleppey. 3.     TC-Vol. 2-I
3	Alangad, Alangad Grama Panchayath, Ernakulam District 1.     Allungaad 2.     Allungaad is the capital of the most Northern District of Travancore; The miserable Christian Petta is terminated by the remains of (what has been) the largest Syrian church in the country; a rude but within the half dilapidated walls now serves the devotion of its diminished congregation. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1
4	Ambazhakkad, Mala Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District 1.     Umblacaad (2 churches) 2.     The Church at Umblacaad is rather large and handsome building having parish of considerable magnitude (in whose vicinity lies a ruined one). 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II
5	Angamaly, Angamaly Municipality, Ernakulam District 1.     Angamalli (3 churches) 2.     Has three similar edifices, two of them Romo Syrian. These are the only remains of its former prosperity; close to them is a large straggling Petta inhabited by Christians; the surrounding scenery is very interesting. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1
6	Anjikaimal, Cochin Corporation, Ernakulam District 1.     Unjykymul 2.     In its (Yernacoullum Subdivision, i.e Ernakulam) vicinity are two churches one at Korruthullay (Karithala) and the other at Unjykymul. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: The church here is most probably the St. Mary’s Cathedral of Ernakulam. It was variously known as ‘Anjikaimal Church’, ‘Church of Our Lady of Port’, ‘Thuramukha Mathavupalli’, ‘Nasranipally’, ‘Thekkepally’ etc. See also the remarks for Karithala Church
7	Anjoor, Kunnamkulam Muncipality, Thrissur District 1.     Ayenhoor 2.     i, iia) Ayenhoor is a small bazar remarkable as having belonging to it the only Syrian Church here. The inhabitants belong entirely to this sect; iib) Ayenhoor-Syrian Church (Table). 3.     DMM, T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: Ayenhoor is recorded in Chowkaad (Chavakkad) District, Puddinharrapaad (Padinjareppad?) Proverty. Today, Anjoor is a Ward in the Kunnamkulam Muncipality. The Syrian church here is St George Malabar Independent Cathedral of Thozhiyoor, which is less than 500 m from Anjoor centre.
8	Anjuthengu, Anchuthengu Grama Panchayath, Thiruvananthapuram District 1.     Anjengo, Unjetengoo, Unjeetungel 2.     i) beyond it (Trevandrum or Thiruvananthapuram) is that of Anjengo, a British Factory, a large Church, Fort, and some old Monuments bespeak its former affluence and present declension; ii) Unjetengoo, a sea port town, known to Europeans by the appellation of Anjengo… on the north of the fort is a large Roman Christian church dedicated to Saint Peter, and several ancient monuments mostly Dutch…the lower Portuguese and Christians belong to the Romish Church, the latter employ themselves as domestics, tailors, smiths, carpenters, barbers, pedlars and in fishing, are quite distinct from Mookawas or common fishermen, both from their habits and manners. The former retail articles of merchandise and their women are employed in knitting and working stockings and laces; iii) Anjengo, a small fort …scarcely three hundred yards across to the north-west is an extensive Portugueze town and spacious C. church; at the extreme end of th;e town are to be seen some ancient monuments erected in memory of the English and Dutch inhabitants residing at this place during the present and in the commencement of the last century, towards the south-east also there a few houses belonging to Portugueze and descendants from European families, but mostly of fishermen. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1; T&C-Vol. 2-I; T&C-OD
9	Aranattukara, Thrissur Municipal Corporation, Thrissur District 1.     Aranaatcurray, Arrunaatcurray, Arranatcurray, Aranad 2.     ia) They (Aranaatcurray/Aranattukara and Ooloor/Ollur) are Christian villages with streets and bazars, the former (Aranattukara) however is of greater magnitude and most importance- it is situated on the edge of the backwater and has a large church. The Christians of both places of the Romo-Syrian creed-this last place like the former is accessible by water; ib) Arranatcurray (Table)*; ii) Aranad, a Syrian village of some note with a Christian church. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II; T&C-OD 4.     Remarks: *Arranatcurray, as a station of reference for 8 villages in the Trichoowapayroor Proverty of Trichoowapayroor District.
10	Arinalloor, Thevalakkara Grama Panchayath, Kollam District 1.     Urrumalloor 2.     At Urrumalloor church an elegant edifice, built on an elevated situation on the west confines of the backwater commanding an extensive view of it as that of the opposite country. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
11	Aripalam and Poomangalam, Poomangalam Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District 1.     Arreepaulum 2.     i) The place of this name (Arreepaulum) is a large scattered village, with some ordinary pagodas and having a small church and Ungady in its neighbourhood. ii) ‘Poomungaulum Small’ (In Mukundapuram District, Arreepaulum (Aripalam) Proverty)- Christian Church (Table). 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: Today, Aripalam, Kalparambu and Poomangalam are among the 13 Wards of the Poomangalam Grama Panchayath. The nearest pre-1800 church in the region is the Kalparambu St Mary.
12	Arthat, Kunnamkulam Muncipality, Thrissur District 1.     Aurthatt 2.     ia, iia) Aurthatt Pullee (Table); iib) and which (Church) once belonged to that at Aurthatt whose ruins crowning an eminence are seen from a distance and yet command regard, it was destroyed by Typoo (Tipu Sultan), at least everything but the walls, some exertions are now making to restore it to its former state; ib, iic) Aurthatt Hill (Table). 3.     DMM, T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: Aurthatt Pullee (Palli or Church?)-station of reference for 31 villages (No. 97-127) in the Puddinharrapaud Hobely of Chowakad District of Cochin; Aurthatt Hill-Station of reference for several villages in the Choondul (Choondal) and Koonumkoluncuray (Kunnamkulam) Proverties of Thaullapulley (Thalappilly) District of Cochin. The Church referred here is Arthat St Mary’s Syrian Orthodox Cathedral.
13	Azheekal, Alappad Grama Panchayath, Kollam District 1.     Eyekuthora 2.     Mookwars (Christian fishermen) reside on the coast who have a church at Eyekuthora, in its vicinity reside a few Portuguese inhabitants. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
14	Chalakudy, Chalakudy Municipality, Thrissur District 1.     Shalacoodee, Shalacoody 2.     ia) Shalacoodee may be considered the principal place… in its vicinity is a small Christian Petta terminated as usual by a church; ib) the Church at Kelleckee Shalacoodee (East Chalakkudy) is rather large and handsome building having parish of considerable magnitude; ii) Shalacoody, which is an extensive town with a Roman Syrian church; the bulk of the inhabitants are Syrians. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II; T&C-OD
15	Champakulam, Champakulam Grama Panchayath, Alappuzha District 1.     Shembacolum, Shumbacolum 2.     i) Shumbacolum, a sub-division, also on the Mannimulla river… On the west bank is a noble Romo Syrian Church, with an attic floor building attached to it for the clergy, the whole surrounded by a brick wall opposite to it on the west bank is a granary; ii) Shumbacolum, the capital of a sub-division of Umbalapulay (Ambalapuzha), a populous place, the inhabitants consisting in general of Roman Syrio-Makapolays (Mappilas) and some Nayres (Nairs), the former cast have a very stupendous church on the right bank as also an upper-story house within the compound for the accommodation of Padries (Priests) who are about twelve in number. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I; T&C-OD
16	Changanasserry, Changanassery Municipality, Kottayam District 1.     Shunganachery, Shunganacherry Changanachairy, Cunganashairy, Changanashairy (3 churches) 2.     i) Shunganachery, the capital of the district of that name celebrated for being one of the best Market Towns in those parts; innumerable Canals lead to it. It has a large Church and a mixed population; iia) Changanachairy-The capital lies 15 miles west of Alleppey and thirty-eight miles north of Quilon…The western parts adjoining the fields and the canal consists of a broad street, and another at right angles to it 1½ furlongs lined with bazars kept by Christian Syrians, who have erected a crucifix of granite at the landing place about twenty feet high… and west of it the Christian Mapolay Syrian street, those about the verge of glens are disposed in compounds and gardens. A Syrio Roman Church stands about the centre enclosed by a wall and is a grand edifice with a chapel, another at the west end of the street, to the east of the church are the traces of an old fortification on an elevated spot with bastions and gates, entirely demolished; iib) and the one (church ) at Changanashairy appears to have been erected about three centuries back; iii) Shunganacherry or Cunganashairy (eleven miles) an extensive town situated on high ground…There is a very superior Roman Syrian church as also two smaller ones. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1; T&C-Vol. 2-I; T&C-OD
17	Chathannoor, Chathannoor Grama Panchayath, Kollam District 1.     Shatanur, Sautanoor 2.     i) Shatanur, a subordinate of Purraur (Paravur, Kollam) situated from it N.E. and 1½ east six miles is an extensive compact village, between the high road and river, and contains a population of Syrian Christians, who have a church about the centre-its environs inhabited by Nairs is enclosed into gardens of cocoanut, betel and pepper; ii) Sautanoor to the coast is inhabited by Nairs and Mapellas (Christians). 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I; T&C-OD
18	Chemmakkad, Panayam Grama Panchayath, Kollam District 1.     Shemmacad 2.     Noted for a small Roman Christian Church 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
19	Chendamangalam and Palathuruth, Chendamangalam Grama Panchayath, Ernakulam District 1.     Chaindamungalum, Chaindamangalum, Shaindamangalum, Shaindamungalum, Paulaturnutte 2.     ia) The town of Chaindamungalum is prettily situated on a low elevation, rising from the borders of the Perryar. It is rather large, regular, has an excellent and extensive bazar, and is very populous, the inhabitants consisting of Jews and Christians. There is here a rather spacious Romo-Syrian church, Synagogue and some temples, one crowning a low hill, the other, larger and more remarkable, close to the palace, which is as usual a large rustic edifice; ib) Paulaturnutte -Syrian-Rome Church and Bazars (Table); ii) Chaindamangalum on the left bank of the river on an elevated site; it is a large but irregular town inhabited by Christians and black Jews. A colony of the latter settled here some centuries ago—they have a synagogue; the former an extensive church, now in decay. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II; T&C-OD 4.     Remarks: Paulaturnutte of Chaindamungalum Proverthy in the District of Mooloorcurray Yeddawugga, is modern Palathuruth region of Chendamangalam. Today, Palathuruth is a Ward in the Chendamangalam Grama Panchayath. The Holy Cross Church and the ruins of Vypicotta Seminary are less than 1 km from the place. In all probability, the Syrian-Romo Church of Palathuruth is the Holy Cross Church of Chendamangalam itself.
20	Chengannur, Chengannur Municipality, Alappuzha District 1.     Chenganoor, Chunganoor 2.     i) Ranee, Arramolay (Aranmula), Chenganoor (Chengannur), Manaur (Mannar), and Nairenum (Niranam), are extensive Towns, with a large but mixed population, scattered along the banks of the winding Pumbay (Pamba), which are fringed with groves and decorated with Pagodas and Churches. ii) Chenganoor and Chenganoor Tekkacurray. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1, T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: Though a church in Chenganoor is not specifically mentioned, it's pre- Diamper existence is well known. In T&C-Vol. 2-II, Chenganoor and Chenganoor Tekkacurray (Thekkekara) are discussed, but there is no hint of a Christian angle.
21	Cheppad, Cheppad Grama Panchayath, Alappuzha District 1.     Sheppad 2.     ia) Is remarkable for a Syrian Church east of the main road, surrounded by a Christian population; ib) the Syrian Church of Sheppad 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
22	Cheriyazheekal, Alappadu Gram Panchayath, Kollam District 1.     Seria Eyekulthora 2.     Is a Roman Catholic Church on the west side of the back water, and but a short distance from the coast, the inhabitants along it being Christian fishermen or Markamars. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I 4.     Remarks: Serria Eyekulthora is ‘Cheria Azheekal Thura’.
23	Cherunniyoor, Cherunniyoor Grama Panchayath, Thiruvananthapuram District 1.     Surreneyoor 2.     The houses lie scattered on the arms of a fertile glen, which communicates with the backwater, contiguous to it is a Roman Christian Church on an elevated site, and a muttum (Madom) and pagoda South of the road at the head of the glen. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
24	Chingoli, Chingoli Grama Panchayath, Alappuzha District 1.     Shengoly, Shencoly 2.     i) Shengoly, a subordinate, has a small C. Chapel, pleasantly situated on the edge of the backwater, and commands an extensive view of it; ii) ground in the vicinity of Shencoly Christian church on the side of the backwater. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I; T&C-OD
25	Chirakadavam, Kayamkulam Muncipality, Alappuzha District 1.     Sherucuddavoo, Shurracuddavoo 2.     Sherucuddavoo N.N.W. 1 mile from the above (Kistnapuram/Krishnapuram), is a string of houses lining the road, inhabited by merchants of the other coast and some oil mongers, with a pagoda and some reservoirs on the right and other public buildings as depots for salt and tobacco, also a Syrian church on the east. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I 4.     Remarks: Today, Chirakadavam is a Ward in the Kayamkulam Muncipality and located about 2.5 km North-West of Krishnapuram Palace. The church here is the Kadeesha Orthodox Cathedral of Kayamkulam, @ 1 km North of Chirakadavam.
26	Chittattukara, Elavally Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District 1.     Chittatoor 2.     ia, iia) Chittatoor is a rather large bazar with a Church and Christian population; ib, iib) Chittatoor-Church and Bazar (Table). 3.     DMM, T&C-Vol. 2-II
27	Chowannur, Kavanam Chittoor, Chowannur Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District 1.     Cowannunchittoor, Cownunchittoor, Shewunnoor 2.     i) Poodhoochayree (Puthusserry) is a little miserable Christian Ungady and church that at Cowannunchittoor is still smaller but resembles the previous one in every other particular; iib) Cowanunchittoor-Ungaudee; iic) Shewunnoor-Bagwatty Kao 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II 3.     Remarks: Today, Kavanam Chittoor or Kavanamchittoor is a ward in the Chowannur Grama Panchayath. In the Table appended for Thaullapulley (Thalappilly) District of Cochin, both Cowannunchittoor and Shewunnor are mentioned, the former with a bazar and the latter with a Bhagavathy Kavu, but no church appears in the remarks. The church at Kavanam Chittoor remains unidentified, as the existing St Thomas Church of Chowannur was established only in the late 19th century according to the official church records.
28	Chowara, Sreemoolanagaram Grama Panchayath, Ernakulam District 1.     Shewurrah 2.     ia) Kaunyier (Kanjoor) has a comparatively large Petta inhabited solely by Christians, in it is a spacious church of the ordinary architecture similar in every way to that of Shewurrah, which however crowning the top of a low slope that overlooks the river, is much more conspicuous. In its vicinity is an Ungady or small street of Christians, the usual, indeed invariable accompaniment of such edifices; ib) Shewurrah-Church, 3.11/4 miles from Kaunyier Church (Table)* 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: *Kanjoor Church is used as a reference station for 8 villages in Kunneeanur (Kanayannur) District of Cochin, Vullarapully (Vellarappilly) Proverty.
29	Edakochi, Cochin Corporation, Ernakulam District 1.     Yeddacochy 2.     A large Christian Church in a commanding situation, on a narrow neck of land stretching north on the side of the estuary and confined on the west by extensive cultivation. The population being Christians. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II
30	Edathiruthy, Edathiruthy Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District 1.     Eddatirooty, Eddatirootty, Yeddatortee, Yeddatoortee, Yeddatioortee 2.     ia, iia) Eddatirooty has as a small Church and bazar, it possesses some little trade; ib, iib) Eddatirootty-Roman Church and Ungady or Ungaudy (Table); ic, iic) Yeddatortee/Yeddatoortee/Yeddatioortee R C (Roman Church) (Table) 3.     DMM, T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: Edathiruthy Roman Church is used as a station of reference for several villages in Chitwye (Chettuva) and Payanjerynaad Hoblies of Choukaad/Chowkaad (Chavakkad) District of South Malabar.
31	Edathua-Koyilmuck, Edathua Grama Panchayath, Alappuzha District 1.     Yeddawutta-Kolymook, Colymook 2.     i) The Romo Syrian Church of Yeddawutta, on a winding of the river in a pleasant situation, and conspicuous, surrounded by a vast number of insulated spots, studded with houses and groves of cocoanut, an annual festival is celebrated at it when a large concourse of Christians assemble from different parts and donations in money are made to the virgin, sometimes to a large amount, the inhabitants are Syrian Christians, some Nairs and Poleeans; ii) Colymook, where there is a Syrian church and a large population of Nayres and Syrians. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I, T&C-OD
32	Enamakkal or Enamavu, Venkitangu Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District 1.     Yainamakul 2.     i) Yainamakul is a Christian town of some note having a large and neat church. It is agreeably situated on the borders of the estuary, carries on some trade with the neighbouring country, and bears altogether a thriving appearance; ii) Yainamakul is the designation of a subdivision though not of any particular place or town in the District thus called. 3.     DMM, T&C-Vol. 2-II
33	Erattupetta, Erattupetta Municipality, Kottayam District 1.     Petta of Erraat (or two Rivers), Eratoopetta 2.     i) Punniatu (Poonjar) only deserves notice as being the residence of the Chief of that name; there are only a few Nair habitations here; a short way from this is the Petta of Erraat (or two Rivers, Erattupetta) being situated at their junction; that on the North bank is inhabited by Lubbees; that on the Southern one, by Christians, who have a Church; its situation is very favorable as the River allows a good navigation; ii) to the south of the southern river is the Syrian town (in Eratoopetta), not very extensive, forming one broad clean street with suitable houses; at the west end of it, is the church surrounded by a wall, it is an extensive building having some additions made to it within the last two years, a parsonage house is attached to it and three cartanars or priests, generally officiate. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1; T&C-OD
34	Eravipuram, Kollam Corporation, Kollam District 1.     Yeravypuram 2.     Three miles S.E. of Quilon is a range of houses inhabited by Mukua Christians along the beach six furlongs in length and has a Roman Christian Church in the centre. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
35	Kadakkarapally, Kadakkarappally Grama Panchayath, Alappuzha District 1.     Cuddacurrapully 2.     Where there is a Latin church of no note and is about 3/4 of a mile from the sea…The inhabitants are all Christians. 3.     T&C-OD
36	Kadakkavoor, Kadakkavoor Grama Panchayath, Thiruvananthapuram District 1.     Cuddakav 2.     A Roman Christian Church. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
37	Kadamattom, Aikaranad Grama Panchayath, Ernakulam District 1.     Cuddamuttum 2.     A large Church and Christian Village . 3.     T&C-Vol. 1
38	Kadampanad, Kadampanad Grama Panchayath, Pathanamthitta District 1.     Kuddambanad, Kuddumbanaud 2.     i) Kuddambanad, an ancient Syrian Church; ii) At Kuddumbanaud, 2½ miles to the north of it, is an ancient Syrian Church now falling to decay, supposed to be one of the first structures of its kind built in the country . 3.     T&C-Vol. 1; T&C-Vol. 2-I
39	Kaduthuruthy, Kaduthuruthy Grama Panchayath, Kottayam District 1.     Cudduturuttee (3 churches) 2.     Has three spacious handsome churches. This has once been a place of considerable note, but it is now dwindled into a little wretched Christian Village. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1
40	Kaippuzha or Kaipuzha, Neendoor Grama Panchayath, Kottayam District 1.     Kyepully 2.     A small Church round which is an interesting scenery. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1
41	Kakkad, Kunnamkulam Muncipality, Thrissur District 1.     Caccad (2 churches) 2.     Is a town of Cochin on an elevated spot and extensive, with narrow streets at right angles to each other, the inhabitants being mostly Syrians who have two extensive churches in the town. 3.     T&C-OD 4.     Remarks: Today, Kakkad is a Ward in the Kunnamkulam Muncipality. The two churches are: St Lazarus Syrian Orthodox and St Sebastian Syro-Malabar at Chiralayam.
42	Kallada West, West Kallada Grama Panchayath, Kollam District 1.     Punningaray Kulledda (Padinjare or West Kallada) 2.     At it are the remnants of a palace within a rectangular fortress now demolished. On the east of this, and near the river is a Syrian Church with a large population of Christians. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
43	Kallickad, Arattupuzha Grama Panchayath, Alappuzha District 1.     Callikad 2.     Callikad on the coast, is rented to a Portuguese, who resides here, a small Roman Church, enclosed by a wall…the interior population is composed of a few Brahmins, chiefly Nairs, Shanars, Jonagum and Syrian Moplays, some artificers, and a very few predial slaves. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I 4.     Remarks: Today, Kallickad is a Ward in the Arattupuzha Grama Panchayath of Alappuzha District. The church, however remains unidentified.
44	Kallooppara, Kallooppara Grama Panchayath, Pathanamthitta District 1.     Cullurparae, Kulloorpaurae 2.     i) Cullurparae is the principal place of the little district of that name, belonging to the Yeddapully (Edappally) Rajah; There is here a large population of Nairs and some Christians, and as at Nairenum (Niranam), their Temples (i.e. Nairs and Christians) are in the immediate vicinity of each other; ii) The capital of Kulloorpaurae is situated 2 miles east of Kavioor (Kaviyoor), and consists of a line of houses inhabited by Syrian Christians on the west of a fine church. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1, T&C-Vol. 2-I
45	Kandanad, Udayamperoor Grama Panchayath, Ernakulam District 1.     Kundannad 2.     Udhienpayrur (Udayamperoor) and Kundannad are Churches and rather small Christian Towns. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1
46	Kanjiracode or Kanjiracodu, Kundara Grama Panchayath, Kollam District 1.     Kanjeranacode 2.     Kanjeranacode 8½ miles north east of Quilon is a Christian village with a church on a branch of the estuary. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
47	Kanjirapalli, Kanjirappally Grama Panchayath, Kottayam District 1.     Cannjerapully, Caunjerapully, Canjarapully 2.     i) Caunjerapully has a Romo-Syrian Church; there are two Towns; one Christian, and the other inhabited by Lubbees, who form the most numerous portion of the population; this class here carry on some trade with the Eastern Coast; ii) Cannjerapully, the most interior sub-division to the east…the population consists of Lubbays, Nassaranee Maupolays and a few Vellauler Chettries, about the centre is a Syro Roman Church, from it a broad street descending by steps, a furlong west to the river is lined with neat built houses of the Syrians; iii) at Canjarapully itself are two towns, the one to the east is occupied by Lubbais (Muslims) merchants, is extensive, the streets uneven and very dirty, the other to the west is the Moplay or Syrian, about twenty houses with a wide street between, opposite which at the east end stands a large respectable church said to have been built 300 years ago. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1, T&C-Vol. 2-I; T&C-O
48	Kanjoor, Kanjoor Grama Panchayath, Ernakulam District 1.     Kaunyier, Kaunyer, Kunnyur 2.     ia) Kaunyier has a comparatively large Petta inhabited solely by Christians, in it is a spacious church of the ordinary architecture similar in every way to that of Shewurrah (Chowara), which however crowning the top of a low slope that overlooks the river, is much more conspicuous. In its vicinity is an Ungady or small street of Christians, the usual, indeed invariable accompaniment of such edifices. ib) Kaunyer, Kunnyur –Church (Table). 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II
49	Kannamkode-Adoor, Adoor Municipality, Pathanamthitta District 1.     Cannecode, Cunnangode 2.     i) The Uddaoor (Adoor) sub-division lies N.N.E. of the capital about 7 miles… the whole fertile- a few of the villages have some regularity, as the capital and Cunnangode &c: at the latter is a Syrian Church: a large portion of the houses are on heights and some skirting the valleys- the whole populous, composed of Nairs, Syrians, Lubbays and Elavers. ii) Cannecode is an extensive scattered village, many trees and groves all about it, to the north a small rivulet which seems to irrigate the paddy lands and immediately on its right bank a Syrian church on a small scale. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I; T&C-OD
50	Kannur, Kannur Corporation, Kannur District 1.     Cannanore (2 churches) 2.     The cantonment is situated to the N. W. of the Fort, and occupies a large space: the principal buildings here are the Regimental Barracks, Hospitals etc., the church a modern building is situated N. of the Fort on an elevated plain, there is also here a Roman Catholic Church at the back of the Cantonment Bazar. 3.     DMM
51	Karingachira, Tripunithura Municipality, Ernakulam District 1.     Curringachayrie 2.     Mulienthuruttu (Mulanthuruthy) is amongst the most conspicuous but chiefly worthy of notice for its large Syrian church similar to that at Curringachayrie belonging to the same sect. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II
52	Karithala Proverthy, Cochin Corporation, Ernakulam District 1.     Korruthullay, Kurruthullay 2.     ia) In its (Yernacoullum Subdivision, i.e Ernakulam) vicinity are two churches one at Korruthullay and the other at Unjykymul (Anjikaimal); ib) Kurruthullay (Kunneeannur District of Cochin, Yernacoullum Proverty)-Pagoda and Palace (Table) 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: According to V V K Valath, one of the pioneers of toponymy in Kerala, Anjikaimal was a large area that stretched between Vadakkumthala (now Vaduthala) to Thekkumthala (now Thevara); and Karithala was the paddy fields (Kari Nilam) that existed between the present ‘Ernakulam Junction’ and ‘Ernakulam Town’ Railway Stations. The pre-1800 churches which can be identified from these areas are St George Church, Perumanoor; Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Chathiathu; and St Mary's Cathedral, Ernakulam. Since the Ernakulam Cathedral was known as ‘Anjikaimal Church’, the Karithala church could be either Perumanoor or Chathiathu. Taking into consideration the closeness to our area of concern, I would put my bet on the Chathiathu Church.
53	Karthikapally, Karthikappally Grama Panchayath, Alappuzha District 1.     Cartigapully, Kartigapully, Cartigapilly 2.     i) Cartigapully, Syrian Church and Town encompassed by a mound; ii) Kartigapully -…The bazars forming a street is kept by Nazareene Moplays and Chetties. A daily market at evening assembles at it. About the centre is a small Syrian church and to the west a bungalow for the accommodation of travellers; iii) Cartigapilly by the high road leading to Cochin, which in a great measure is lined with lofty trees, passed a pagoda; and Syrian church… a Syrian church almost in the center of a wall and ditch now in ruins which surrounds the whole, said once to have been a fort, but nothing in the shape of bastions can be traced. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1; T&C-Vol. 2-I; T&C-OD
54	Karumkulam, Karumkulam Grama Panchayath, Thiruvananthapuram District 1.     Kurrencolum 2.     A Roman Catholic Church on the coast 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
55	Karunagapally, Karunagappally Municipality, Kollam District 1.     Curnagapully 2.     Ruins of a small Fort, a Church 3.     T&C-Vol. 1
56	Kayamkulam, Kayamkulam Municipality, Alappuzha District 1.     Coyancolum, Coyencolum, Kallyquilon, Koyencollum, Kayencolam (2 churches) 2.     Kayencolam is the capital is a large compact town, composed of a broad street of bazaars… A few mosques to the west, a Latin Church to the S. W. and a Syrian Church at the south end. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
57	Kizhakkambalam, Kizhakkambalam Grama Panchayath, Ernakulam District 1.     Kellukumbalum 2.     Has a Pagoda, Church, and straggling Petta 3.     T&C-Vol. 1
58	Koduvila, East Kallada Grama Panchayath, Kollam District 1.     Coduvalay, Kellaka Kulledda (Kizhakke Kallada) 2.     Coduvalay south west of it (i.e. Kellaka Kulledda or East Kallada) 11/4 miles a straggling village inhabited by Marrikamars and Maupolay Christians has a beautiful Roman Syrian Church overlooking the estuary. A Portuguese employed in the Timber Department with his family reside here. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
59	Kochi, Cochin Corporation, Ernakulam District 1.     Cochin 2.     The body of population consists of the descendants of the Dutch and Portuguese, also native Christians. The Church to the north west is an immense pile of building without taste and pent tiled roof; on the floor are some tomb stones of the late Governors, &c. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: The Church here is St Francis of Fort Cochin-famous for the first burial place of Vasco da Gama.
60	Kollam, Kollam Corporation, Kollam District 1.     Kolum or Quilon (4 churches) 2.     The beach is lined with the houses of the Mukua-Christians, and two Roman Catholic Churches… A few garden houses, the Lock hospital, and a Latin Church lie on the sides of a gravel road running East… On the north west side near the old lines is a small Syrian Church and Mosque. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
61	Koratty and Muringoor or Muringur, Koratty Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District 1.     Koruthee, Kurutee, Kuruttee, Korute, Koruttee and Mooringnoor 2.     ia) Koruthee consists of a neat and rather large Petta, inhabited by Christians who have here a spacious church; ib) the Church at Koruttee is rather large and handsome building having parish of considerable magnitude; ic) ‘Moooringnoor or Koruttee Church’ or ‘Moooringnoor or Kuruttee Church’ (Table) 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: In the Table appended for Codachayree District of Cochin, Koruttee Proverty (Koratty Province), there is a reference to ‘Moooringnoor or Koratty Church’. Mooringnoor (No. 53) appears four times in the Table, and in all the cases, it is equated with the Koratty Church in the 1893 edition of T&C-Vol. 2-II. However, in the 1994 reprint of T&C-Vol. 2-II, there is one citation which says, ‘Mooringnoor of Koruttee Church’, which is certainly a printing mistake, because the other three citations go with ‘Mooringnoor or Koratty Church’. The Church is used as a reference station for 5 villages in the Codachayree District of Cochin. Modern Muringoor or Muringur is only 3 km North of Koratty Church, now famous for the Divine Retreat Centre.
62	Kothamangalam, Kothamangalam Municipality, Ernakulam District 1.     Kodhamungalum (numerous churches- 3?) 2.     Is the chief place of a sub-division. It has at one time been a Town of some importance. Much of the trade of the Eastern Coast with those parts having centered here, it at present bears a very wretched appearance, but its numerous large Churches bear evidence of its former opulence 3.     T&C-Vol. 1
63	Kottanelloor or Kottaneloor, Velukara Grama Panchayat. Thrissur District 1.     Kotthoonelloor, Kotthoonalloor 2.     ia) Kotthoonelloor a small Romo-Syrian church, an half-deserted village; ib) Kotthoonalloor -Church (Table) 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II
64	Kottarakkara, Kottarakara Municipality, Kollam District 1.     Kolagacurra, Kalagacurray, Kalagacurra, Kotaurakerray, Kotarkerry 2.     i) Kotaurakerray, a Pagoda and Palace, the most Southern Syrian Church, and a straggling Town, surrounded by picturesque scenery ii) Kottaracurray, the capital, consists of two moories or villages called Kalagacurra (Kizhakkekara) and Puddiyaraecurra (Padinjarekkara…A Chowkey and peons are stationed at Kolagacurra, inhabited by Syrians and Moormen merchants, the latter have a mosque on the left of the road, the former a church on the north, the only one in the district. iii) the Syrian church which is situated on the northern skirts of the town of Kotarkerry. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1; T&C-Vol. 2-I, T&C-OD
65	Kottayam, Kottayam Municipality, Kottayam District 1.     Kotiam, Kotium (several churches, 3?) 2.     i) Kotiam is remarkable as being the chief seat of the Syrian Worship. There are here several Churches, a College and Fort; ii) Kotium is a town of some note having several Syrian churches and a college, the inhabitants being in general of the above sect with some Nayres 3.     T&C-Vol. 1; T&C-OD
66	Kottekkad, Kolazhy Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District 1.     Kottaykaad, Koottayacaad, Kottaycaud 2.     ia) Kottaykaad, a Christian village and church, is the largest place in this Proverty. It is accessable for boats by a small stream, has some trade, and a tolerable dense population; ib) Kottaycaud Roman Church (Table); ic) Kottaycaad-Roman Church (Table) 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II
67	Kozhencherry, Kozhencherry Grama Panchayath, Pathanamthitta District 1.     Kolunchairy 2.     Kolunchairy 1½ miles N.E. of the above [i.e. Maramun (Maramon)] is an Ungady or street of Mapillah Christians, who have a small Church on a gentle declivity sloping into the paddy glen on the east. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
68	Kozhikode, Kozhikode Corporation, Kozhikode District 1.     Calicut 2.     In its vicinity is a Roman Catholic Church… to the N. the Zillah Court and near it the English Burial Ground with a few very old foreign monuments and some modern ones 3.     DMM
69	Kunnamkulam, Kunnamkulam Muncipality, Thrissur District 1.     Koonunkoluncurrary, Konumkolancuray, Koolumkoluncurry, Koonancolluncurray (4 churches) 2.     ia) It is one the largest Christian towns in Cochin …within its limits are about four hundred houses, two thirds of which belongs to Syrians, the Romo-Syrians, occupying the remainder. The town was once anéom- passed by a bamboo hedge and of Cochin entered by two gates…it is however one of the largest marts in the northern part of Cochin; ib) Koolumkoluncurry under Thaullapulley (Thalapally) District, Konumkolancuray Proverty with a Church and Bazar; ic) There are within the district (Thaullapulley) nine churches, of the four at Koonunkoluncurray, two are large and spacious edifices. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: The 4 churches in Kunnamkulam are St Lazarus Syrian Orthodox, Chiralayam; St Sebastian Syro Malabar, Chiralayam; Kunnamkulam Pazhayapally (St Lazarus) Syrian Orthodox; and St Mathias Syrian Orthodox, Kunnamkulam.
70	Kuravilangad, Kuravilangad Grama Panchayat. Kottayam District 1.     Corraywallingaad 2.     Is a very extensive but scattered Village, inhabited for the most part by Christians who have here a large and handsome Church dedicated to the Virgin. At some distant period, this was the seat of a Monastery of Nestorian Monks. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1
71	Karicode, Mulanthuruthy Grama Panchayat or Kureekkad, Chottanikkara Grama Panchayath, Ernakulam District 1.     Keereecaad, Kureecaad, Kaureecode 2.     ia) “…as does that (Church) of Velteekaat (Vettikkal) which less in size is of equal dimensions with the Romo-Syrian church of Keereecaad, occupying the top of a low hill”; ib)the ground being uneven and almost all the communications small, that passing south from Kureecaad over Mulenthurutta (Mulanthuruthy) presents the least difficulty; ic) Kaureecode-Village (No. 15-Kunneeanur Proverty, Kunneeanur District of Cochin) (Table); id) Kureecaad-Village (No. 31-Kunneeanur Proverty, Kunneeanur District of Cochin) (Table) 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: There are two candidates here. One is Karikode or Karicode near Vettikkal, which is a Ward in the Mulanthuruthy Grama Panchayath of Ernakulam District. Another candidate is Kureekkad, a Ward in the Chottanikkara Grama Panchayath of Ernakulam District, which however, is more distant from Vettikkal compared to Karikode. Interestingly, in the table appended for Kunneeanur (Kanayannur) Proverty, both Kureekad of Chottanikkara (Kureecaad, Village No. 31) and Karikode of Mulanthuruthy (Kaureecode, Village No. 15) are given, but neither of them has a church mentioned in the remarks. If we go by the description in the main text, 'Keereecaad' resembles more to Kureekkad (of Chottanikkara) than Karicode (of Mulanthuruthy). In either cases, a Romo-Syrian Church that existed in the early 19th century has to be identified.
72	Kuthiathode North, Kunnukara Grama Panchayath, Ernakulam District 1.     Cooteatode, Kuthiathode 2.     i) Puthumvaylecuray (Puthenvelikkara) is a small Bazaar and Church; two more of which are seen at Thuruthur (Thuruthoor) and Kuthiathode, where the population is chiefly, Christian; ii) halted at Cooteatode on the left bank at the house of a wealthy Syrian Christian by name Cochymatoo (Kochu Mathu Tharakan), who has a great claim on the Travancore Government 3.     T&C-Vol. 1; T&C-OD
73	Kuzhithura, Alappad Grama Panchayath, Kollam District 1.     Colutholathoray 2.     A few inferior churches at Neendakerra (Neendakara)…also at Colutholathoray and Pundaratirtu (Pandarathuruthu). 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I 4.     Remarks: Today, Kuzhithura is a Ward (No. 8) in the Alappad Grama Panchayath of Kollam District.
74	Lalam or Lalom, Pala Muncipality, Kottayam District 1.     Laulum or Paullye 2.     Laulum (Lalam or Lalom) or Paullye (Pala) is a tolerable large Christian Town and Church. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1
75	Madayikonam, Irinjalakuda Municipality, Thrissur District 1.     Maudhaikonum, Maudhaikunum 2.     ia) Maudhaikunum, has a small Romo-Syrian Church; ib) Maudhaikonum-Church (Table) 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: The nearest pre-1800 church to this site is Mapranam Holy Cross (less than 1 km). Interestingly, Mapranam is mentioned as 'Mahapooranum' in the Table appended for Mahapooranum Proverty of Mukundapuram District of Cochin in T&C-Vol. 2-II, but in the remarks it is a Bungalow.
76	Mahe or Mayyazhi, Mahe District, Pondicherry or Puducherry Union Territory 1.     Mahe 2.     There is a large Roman Catholic Church and a few substantial dwelling houses and Public buildings for commercial purposes lining the river, a large portion of them are now in a state of decay. 3.     DMM 4.     Remarks: For convenience, I have included the Mahe church in Kerala. Although Mahe was formerly a part of Kerala, it is now under the Union Territory of Pondicherry.
77	Mala, Mala Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District 1.     Maulamoory, Maulau Moorey 2.     ia) Maulamoory (i.e. Mala Muri) is the largest and most conspicuous, it is a straggling tho' rather large Petta belonging to Christians but also having a few Jews and Lubbays amongst its inhabitants, it now wears a deserted appearance but is stated at some period not very remote to have enjoyed a considerable share of trade; ib) Maulau Moorey-Church (Table) 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Maulamoory, Maulau Moorey is Mala Muri.
78	Malayattur, Malayattoor Neeleswaram Gram Panchayath, Ernakulam District 1.     Maleatur, Mulliatur 2.     ia) A considerable portion of this space is very wild, its population not extending beyond the bank of the river, on the edge of which is a straggling Petta and a large church dedicated to the Romo- Syrian worship; ib) Mulliatur-Church and Town 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II
79	Malayattur, Malayattoor Neeleswaram Gram Panchayath, Ernakulam District 1.     Maleatur, Crucemala (Kurisumala) or Cross Hill 2.     Celebrity of this place is derived from a small chapel that crowns a neighbouring hill known as Crucemala or Cross hill, that sacred emblem being fabled to have sprung from the rock on the summit, out of which it is now seen to issue; its miraculous origin has acquired it a great and distant fame, and its festival (held at Wnitsuntide) attracts immense numbers from the most remote parts, who crowd here to present their vows and offerings; pilgrimages to this shrine are frequent, and are supposed to be most efficacious. The wild sheep of the neighbouring forest love to frequent the rocky summit on which the Chapel lies, and fed by all visitors, have become comparatively tame, a circumstance conceived to add to the wonders of the place. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II
80	Malippuram, Elankunnapuzha Grama Panchayath, Ernakulam District 1.     Mauleepooram, Mauleepuram 2.     ia) Mauleepooram, a Christian church and a bungalow on the verge of a bay formed by the estuary; ib) Mauleepuram-Church (Table) 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II
81	Manakodam, Thuravoor Grama Panchayath, Alappuzha District 1.     Munnacodum, Munnacolum 2.     i) Tourour (Thuravoor) is a Pagoda on the high road, near which is Munnacodum church; ii) this portion consists of the villages of Munnacolum and Purraycaud (Parayakad)-at the former is a Christian church, at the latter an extensive Concany (Konkani) pagoda 3.     T&C-Vol. 1; T&C-OD
82	Manassery, Cochin Corporation, Ernakulam District 1.     Manacherry, Manachairy 2.     ia) to the west of it (Pullathoorty, i.e. Palluruthy) near the coast of Manacherry and Moondumvaily (Mundamveli) or Choury (Saudi or Saude)-two modern Latin churches; ib) Manachairy-Church (Table); ii) along the coast by Manachairy, Christian church 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II; T&C-OD
83	Manjapra, Manjapra Grama Panchayath, Ernakulam District 1.     Munjaperra, Munjahparra 2.     A Church and small wretched Christian village. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1
84	Maramon, Thottappuzhassery Grama Panchayath, Pathanamthitta District 1.     Maramun 2.     About 3 furlongs N.E. of the pagoda at Maramun is a Syrian Church surrounded by its congregation of Mapillah Christians. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
85	Mathilakom or Mathilakam, Mathilakam Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District 1.     Muddaloghum, Muddalughum,Mudalegam, Mudalogum, Mudalooth, Muddoolokathoo 2.     ia, iia) Muddaloghum/Muddalughum/Mudalegam/Mudalogum R C (Table); ib) Proceeds on the West side of the small Island of Arreepaulum (Aripalam) to Muddoolokathoo Roman Church and Bungalow on right; iib) Mudalooth Church (Table). 3.     DMM, T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: In ia), iia) Mathilakam is a station of reference for several villages in Chitwye (Chettuva) Hobly, Choukaad (Chavakkad) District of South Malabar. The R C here refers to Roman Church or Roman Catholic Church. There is no doubt regarding the identity of ‘Muddoolokathoo’ Roman Church which is Mathilakathu or Mathilakam. Interestingly, ruins of the British Bungalow are still seen at Mathilakam today. The ‘Mudalooth’ Church which is used as a station of reference for many villages for Mukundapuram District, Arreepaulum (Aripalam) Proverty, is also Mathilakam. The church of reference is the St. Joseph Latin Church of Mathilakam.
86	Mattam or Mattom near Kunnamkulam, Kandanasserry Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District 1.     Mutthulthee, Mutthutthu 2.     ia) Mutthulthee, a Church with a large and spacious edifice; ib) Mutthutthu, a small neat Petta with a usual Christian population. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: Today, Mattom and Mattom West are two Wards in the Kandanasserry Grama Panchayath.
87	Mattancherry, Cochin Corporation, Ernakulam District 1.     Muttuncherry, Muttumchairy, Muttenchairy (2 churches) 2.     ia) Muttuncherry, a street 3/4 mile long, narrow and filthy, a few public buildings in it at intervals, and two Latin churches: to the south east is the palace of the Rajah of Cochin and a pagoda enclosed by a wall-the palace partaking of the European architecture; to the south of it is the Jews' town, the streets running south½ mile - the upper part occupied by the White, the lower by the Black Jews, each colony having a Synagogue-that belonging to the White Jews adjoins the palace-is a small but neat edifice, the floor paved with China tiles; the houses are commodious and built in the European style; ib) Muttumchairy-Church (Table); ii) Muttenchairy as well as the Jews town is very populous, containing people of all casts. Shipbuilding along the water side is seen everywhere, and this will in a great degree account for the immense population of the place. In Muttenchairy are two very handsome Christian churches in one inclosure near the water’s edge; the white and black Jews have each separate synagogue, that of the former adjoins the Cotarum or rajah’s palace, and is only separated by a wall; it is said to be a magnificent building, but its outward appearance has nothing very promising. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II; T&C-OD
88	Mavelikkara and Puthiyakavu, Mavelikara Municipality. Alappuzha District 1.     Mauvillykurray, Mavellikeray, Mavellikerray, Mavillykerra, Mavillykurray, Muvillykurray, Pooleakaow (2 or more) 2.     i) Mavellikerray is a large Fort and Town with the usual share of Kotarums, Churches, and Pagodas; ii) To the N.E. (of Mavillykurray) is *Pooleakaow (Puthiyakavu) a street of houses occupied by Syrian Christians, they have a neat church at the eastern extremity. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1; T&C-Vol. 2-I 4.     Remarks: *The church here is Puthiyakavu Palli or St Mary’s Orthodox Church of Mavelikkara
89	Mukkattukara, Thrissur Corporation, Thrissur District 1.     Mookaadkurray, Mookandcurray, Mookaadcurray 2.     ia) Mookaadkurray -has an Angadee and Church recently built; ib) Mookaadcurray, Mookandcurray-Roman Church (Table) 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II
90	Mulanthuruthy, Mulanthuruthy Grama Panchayath, Ernakulam District 1.     Mulienthuruttu, Mullunthurttu, Mulenthurutta 2.     ia) Mulienthuruttu is amongst the most conspicuous but chiefly worthy of notice for its large Syrian church similar to that at Curringachayrie (Karingachira) belonging to the same sect; ib) Mullunthurttu-Church (Table) . 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II
91	Mullassery, Mullassery Grama Panchayat. Thrissur District 1.     Moolashiry, Moolnshery, Moolushery 2.     i) Moolushery (Mullassery)-Church and small bazar; ii) Moolashiry-A small town and Christian church; Moolnshery-Church and small Bazar 3.     DMM, T&C-Vol. 2-II
92	Mundamveli or/and Saudi, Cochin Corporation, Ernakulam District 1.     Moondumvaily or Choury 2.     i) To the west of it (Pullathoorty, i.e. Palluruthy) near the coast of Manacherry (i.e. Manassery) and Moondumvaily (i.e. Mundamveli) or Choury -two modern Latin churches; ii) Chourypully (Saudi Palli), a Christian Church, to as certain the Company’s (East India Company) limit in that direction. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II; T&C-OD 4.     Remarks: In T&C-Vol. 2-II, Moondumvaily is equated with Choury, which is modern Saudi or Saude. Similarly, the church Chourypully in T&C-OD is Saudi Palli or Saudi Church. Interestingly, both Mundamvely and Saudi had pre-1800 churches, but Ward and Conner identifies them as one, perhaps one of the churches was lost or in ruins.
93	Muttom or Muttam, Cherthala Municipality, Alappuzha District 1.     Moutum, Mootum, Mutthutha, Sharethallay, Sharetulla 2.     i) Sharethallay (Cherthala), an extensive Town, has also a remarkable Temple dedicated to Bhagavaddi; there is a very considerable population here of Nairs, Konkanies and Christians, the latter living principally at Moutum, where are some bazaars and a Church of spacious dimensions; ii) Mutthutha-Church and Bazar (Table); iiia) Employed drawing the field sketch, and preparing to proceed towards Sharetulla (Cherthala). Owing to an insurrection of the Syrians about the 6th instant, on the arrival of the Dewan who had come with powers to deprive them of their church, a detachment of three companies of sepoys commanded by Captain Mallandine accompanied by the Acting Resident arrived on the morning of the 14th instant, and took possession of the church, in which a great number of the Syrians had retired with twenty priests; the latter were taken prisoners and marched to Quilon, and the church placed in charge of a company of sepoys under the command of a Subadar till further orders, the remaining detachment returned to Quilon; iiib) Mootum - at the bazaar of Sharetulla, a long street with houses on either side, the shops are kept partly by Syrians and Concany Bramins; about the center on the west is the Roman-Syrian church, an immense pile of buildings, and is ill put together, built about 350 years ago; not far from it and in the street is a deserted Jewish synagogue going fast to ruins, the inhabitants of that sect having quitted this town some years ago for Cochin. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1, T&C-Vol. 2-II; T&C-OD
94	Nedumkunnam, Nedumkunnam Grama Panchayath, Kottayam District 1.     Nedeucoonum, Neddicoon, Nedduncoon, Neduncoon, 2.     ia) Syro Roman Churches at Thotacad (Thottackad) and Nedeucoonum, the latter on the road to Caunjerapully (Kanjirapally), and 91/4 miles north east of Chunganashairy (Changanassery), the houses are scattered on the uplands in compounds of cocoanut, supary and other trees surrounded by a straggling forest; ib) The road to Caunjerrapully (Kanjirapally) runs in a north easterly direction over a flat and woody tract 33/4 miles to Tenganalla, [the road Poodupully (Puthupally) here separates] thence west by Nedduncoon Church; iia) Neddicoon- Syrian church, a distance of ten and half miles (from Changanassery); ascended the hill to the south-east of it; iib) Neduncoon-a small Roman-Syrian church with a few houses in a hollow south of it; ascended the hill of Neduncoon but the weather being unfavourable and rainy descended to the church. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I, T&C-OD
95	Neendakara, Neendakara Grama Panchayath, Kollam District 1.     Neendakerra, Neendukara (a few churches, 2 or more) 2.     i) A few inferior churches at Neendakerra, commanding a view of the Iwicka (Aybica) bar; ii) Neendukara a Christian church opposite the Aiwicka (Aybica) bar. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I; T&C-OD
96	Nilackal, Ranni Perunadu Grama Panchayath, Pathanamthitta District 1.     Nellakkull, Nellakull or Shail (Chayal) 2.     i) Nellakkull a pagoda though in a hollow is on an elevated site, about it are the apparent ruins of a village, lies E. by N. 11 miles from Perrunad (Prunad), this place by Syrians, is called also Shail (Chayal) where they say that Saint Thomas in his progress through the country fixed one of the seven crosses of which no traces are to be seen; ii) Nellakull, a small open spot in the hollow of hills, where is a small pagoda dedicated to Vistnoo (Vishnu)…the Syrians stated they had a church also at this place, and it is according to their account one of the seven places where St. Thomas fixed the cross; from a close inspection of the ground some raised compounds of walls and ditches are very apparent, which is a sufficient reason to suppose that it once must have been inhabited, but what may have been the exact number of the population is now a mystery. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I; T&C-OD
97	Niranam, Niranam Grama Panchayath, Pathanamthitta District 1.     Nairenum, Noramun, Nirnam 2.     i) Ranee, Arramolay (Aranmula), Chenganoor (Chengannur), Manaur (Mannar), and Nairenum (Niranam), are extensive Towns, with a large but mixed population, scattered along the banks of the winding Pumbay (Pamba), which are fringed with groves and decorated with Pagodas and Churches…Nairenum is one of the most ancient Churches that, with a degree of toleration we must admire, holds its place unmolested within a few paces of a Hindoo Pagoda; ii) the famous Syrian church at Noramun 3½ miles S.E. of the capital is remarkable for its antiquity, and being immediately in the vicinity of pagoda of consequence, it is one of the seven primitive Syrian churches in Travancore and has a large congregation of Syrian Christians, who have a small church also on the bank of the Pumbay river close on the western confines of the District; iii) Nirnam, an extensive village scattered and overrun with topes of cocoanut and other trees; it is famous for its Syrian church, one of the most ancient in Travancore and may have been built about the year 528; it is very extensive but rudely built, to the west of it is a channel with a flight of steps leading down to it, and is navigable during the rains; it is a matter of surprise that this church is within a hundred yards of a famous Hindoo pagoda which is a more modern building, the tolling of the bell and the Hindoo music are very often heard together; left the above place (which is inhabited by Syrians, Bramins, and Nayres, all of whom appear to live in great harmony with each other). 3.     T&C-Vol. 1; T&C-Vol. 2-I; T&C-OD
98	Njarakkal or Narakkal, Narakkal Grama Panchayath, Ernakulam District 1.     Neearakull, Nearracull, Nearrakul, Neearrakull, Neearrakul, Veearrakul 2.     Yellungunnapullay (Elamkunnapuzha), celebrated for an annual festival, to the north of it 1¼ mile is Veearrakul a street east and west with a church on the west, and a small palace and pagoda to the north, the inhabitants are Christians. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II
99	Ollur, Thrissur Corporation, Thrissur District 1.     Oolloor, Ooloor 2.     ia) They (Aranaatcurray/i.e. Aranattukara and Ooloor/i.e. Ollur) are Christian villages with streets and bazars, the former however is of greater magnitude and most importance- it is situated on the edge of the backwater and has a large church. The Christians of both places of the Romo-Syrian creed-this last place like the former is accessible by water; ib) Oolloor R. C. (Roman Catholic) (Table); ic) Oolloor- Ch. Church (Christian Church) (Table) 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II
100	Omallur or Omalloor, Omalloor Grama Panchayath, Pathanamthitta District 1.     Oomaloor 2.     Is remarkable for its Syrian Church 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
101	Palakkad, Palakkad Municipality, Palakkad District 1.     Paulghaut, Palghaut 2.     i) Paulghaut, the capital of this portion of Malabar, is a place well known in the History of India, as the Key to Travancore… the town lies about 500 yards to the N. and N.W. is composed of regular broad streets…in an open area, that portion to the N. is called Sultanpett (Sultanpet), inhabited mostly by people of the other coast; here are also a few bazars, to the N. is a Bungalow and Garden, and opposite to it a large square building, once used as a Depot for Tobacco. On the skirts of the fields is a Roman Catholic Chapel; ii) Palghaut, the capital of this portion of Malabar, is a place well known in the history of India…The Pettah to the north called Sultunpett has a few bazars, and inhabited by people of various castes mostly those of the Eastern coast, to the North a good bunglow in a garden, opposite a large square building once a Tobacco Store house on the skirts of the field is a small Christian church, and a house and yard of a Mr. Sayer, between the Pettahs, and south of the high road on a plain slope is a bungalow for the accommodation of travellers, and a couple of others in small gardens south of it. 3.     DMM, T&C-Vol. 2-II
102	Palayur or Palayoor, Chavakkad Municipality, Thrissur District 1.     Palayoor 2.     i and ii) Pookode is amongst the largest and are as usual merchants, and carry on an extensive most flourishing towns in this place, population is entirely Christian as is that of Palayoor which should have been previously mentioned. There are churches in both places but that at the latter is amongst the most spacious seen in these/those parts. 3.     DMM, T&C-Vol. 2-II
103	Pallipram or Palliprom-Kazhimbram, Valapad Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District 1.     Pallipooram 2.     Roman Church and Ungaudy 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II (Table) 4.     Remarks: The village site was one of the toughest to identify. The nearest pre-1800 church to this location is Valappad St Sebastian Church (@ 3.5 km). However, Valappad church is separately mentioned by Ward and Conner.
104	Palluruthy, Cochin Corporation, Ernakulam District 1.     Pullatoorty, North 2.     ia) At Pullathoorty to the S.S.E. 3½ miles, is a Pagoda of some celebrity, and a reservoir, a palace to the south of it, and a Christian church on the edge of the estuary; it has a large population of Nairs and some Bramins and Christians; ib) Pullatoorty North-Church (Table) 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: In the table appended for Cochin District, under Cochee Proverty is ‘Pullatoorty, North’ with a church. It is placed between Yeddacochy Church (i.e. Edakochi) and ‘Ramaserum, East’ (i.e Rameshwaram East) Palace. This is most likely the St Mary’s Syrian Church of Palluruthy.
105	Palluruthy South, Cochin Corporation, Ernakulam District 1.     Pullathoorty, South 2.     T&C-Vol. 2-II (Table) 3.     Remarks: In the table appended for Cochin District, under Serria Anundapooram (Cheriya Anandapuram) Proverty is ‘Pullatoorty, South’ with a church. It is placed after Coomblungy (i.e. Kumbalangi) Pagoda. There are two churches in this area that can be dated to early 19th century or before, viz. Pazhangad, St George and Kannamaly, St Anthony.
106	Panambukad, Mulavukad Grama Panchayath, Ernakulam District 1.     Punnumbucaad, Punnumbacaad 2.     ia) W.N.W 1¼ mile of the Residency (Bolghatty) is the Christian church on Punnumbucaad with a population of Christians, Vaulamars, and Nairs; ib) Punnumbacaad –Church (Table) 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II
107	Pandarathuruthu, Alappad Grama Panchayath, Kollam District 1.     Pundaratirtu 2.     A few inferior churches at Neendakerra (Neendakara)…also at Colutholathoray (Kuzhithura) and Pundaratirtu. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I 4.     Remarks: Today, Pandaraturuth is a Ward in the Alappad Grama Panchayath of Kollam District.
108	Papinivattom, Mathilakam Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District 1.     Papinywuttum 2.     iii) Amonddoor (i.e. Amandoor) has a large Muzjeed, that at Papinywuttum is equally remarkable for its size, in the vicinity of the latter is a Romo-Syrian Church and ruined bungalow; the population here is a mixture of the Lubbay and Christian Castes, the former predominating. 3.     DMM, T&C-Vol. 2-II
109	Parakkad, Arimpur Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District 1.     Purreecaad, Pareecaad 2.     ia) In Purreecaad is a large Pagoda, and in its vicinity a small church and bazar belonging to the Syrians; ib) Pareecaad-Pagoda (Table) 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Today, Parakkad West and Parakkad Eastbare two Wards in the Arimpur Grama Panchayath. The nearest pre-1800 church is at Arimpur or Arimbur (St Antony’s Church), which is only 1.5 km from Parakkad.
110	Parappukkara, Parappukkara Grama Panchayat. Thrissur District 1.     Purrapoocurray 2.     ia) Purrapoocurray is distinguished by a small Church; ib) Purrapoocurray-Church (Table) 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II
111	Parappur, Parappur Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District 1.     Purrapoor 2.     ia) Purrapoor a small Romo-Syrian town and church; ib) Purrapoor-Bazar and Church (Table) 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II
112	Paravur North, Paravur Municipality, Ernakulam District 1.     Purraoor (churches, 2 or more) 2.     Is the chief place of a very rich and beautiful District, though esteemed the principal Town on those parts. It is not very remarkable for size or regularity; it once however enjoyed some share of importance, having been a large Military Station, and may date its decay from Tippoo's invasion; this bigot destroying most of its Churches and Pagodas: some, however, yet remain, and the Town is yet the largest Mart in the Northern parts. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1
113	Pazhanji, Kattakampal Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District 1.     Pierrunuay, Piurrunney, Purrunnee, Purrunny 2.     ia) Piurrunney, is one of the most conspicuous places in the Northern part of this subdivision, it is a large and regular Petta inhabited entirely by Syrians, it has a Bazar and some little trade; ib) Purrunny Church with a large and spacious; ic) Pierrunuay-Church (Table); id) With Purrunnee Christianity seems to have ended, at least here (Kutunaad District) we do not meet one church and scarcely any of that communion. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II
114	Pettah, Thiruvananthapuram Corporation, Thiruvananthapuram District 1.     Terumadurapetta 2.     Here is a Roman Catholic Church, also a jail and court house to the North of the road which leads to Vailey (Veli) and fronts another street. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
115	Piravom, Piravom Municipality, Ernakulam District 1.     Peerawum, Peorawum, Perrawum, Poerawum 2.     i) Perrawum is the capital of the District of that name, but has no Town. It lies on the margin of a fine River whose stream, its Church and Pagoda seated on its banks, overhang; ii) Peerawum or Poerawum-Church (Table)* 3.     T&C-Vol. 1, T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: * Piravom Church is used as a station of reference for several villages in Kunneeanur (Kanayannur) District of Cochin.
116	Pookode-Kottapadi, Guruvayur Muncipality, Thrissur District 1.     Pookode 2.     ia, iia) Pookode is amongst the largest and are as usual merchants, and carry on an extensive most flourishing towns in this place, population is entirely Christian as is that of Palayoor (Palayur) which should have been previously mentioned. There are churches in both places but that at the latter is amongst the most spacious seen in these/those parts; ib, iib) Pookode-Roman Church (Table) 3.     DMM, T&C-Vol. 1; T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: I believe the Roman Catholic Church here is Kottapadi St Lazar church. Today, Kottapadi and Pookode (West) are adjacent Wards of Guruvayur Muncipality.
117	Poonthura, Thiruvananthapuram Corporation, Thiruvananthapuram District 1.     Poontoray 2.     A fishing village-the factory is a large building unoccupied, near it is a flagstaff and a Roman Catholic Church. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
118	Poovar, Poovar Grama Panchayath, Thiruvananthapuram District 1.     Powaur 2.     A Roman Catholic Church on the coast 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
119	Pulinkunnu or Pulincunnoo, Pulincunnoo Grama Panchayath, Alappuzha District 1.     Poolincoon, Pooleycoon (2 churches) 2.     i) Pooleycoon on the west bank of the Punna river is populous, the houses line the river, at it are two Syrian Churches, and a Seminary where boys of good families from the laity are educated for the church, besides the above large buildings in sequestered situations are converted into granaries; iia) Poolincoon, a very populous village, lines the north bank, the inhabitants Roman-Syrian who have two churches, both of note, built about 200 yards from one another and near the river side; iib) reached Poolincoon at 6 p.m., this is a very extensive village much scattered, with two respectable Roman-Syrian churches, on the west side of the river about 500 yards from one another. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I, T&C-OD
120	Pullichira, Mayyanad Grama Panchayath, Kollam District 1.     Poolichera 2.     A conspicuous Roman Catholic Church stands at Poolichera, a Christian village on the border of a small estuary E. by three miles, three furlongs of the cusbah, and another on an arm of it S. W. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
121	Pullu, Chazhur Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District 1.     Pullooah, Pulloah 2.     ia) Pullooah is the most remarkable less however for its struggling Ungady or petta, than a large and handsome church encompassed by a wall, it is situated immediately on the borders of the lake, whose scenery it enlivens and varies; ib) There are 3 churches all belonging to the Romo-Syrians (in Yainamakul District), they have an average of seven hundred and ninety-seven (797) souls belonging to each, but Pulloah being the largest (indeed only large) church possesses infinitely the most numerous congregation; ic) Pullooah Church, Pullooah R. Church, Pullooah Roman Church (Table)*; id) Pullooah R. (Roman) Church & Ungandee (Table) 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: *A station of reference for several villages in the table appended for Yainamakul (Enamakkal) District of Cochin and Choukaad (Chavakkad) District of South Malabar.
122	Pulluvila, Karumkulam Grama Panchayat. Thiruvananthapuram District 1.     Pelloowalay 2.     A straggling village on the coast, inhabited by fishermen, has a large Roman Catholic Church fast approaching decay, it is dedicated to Saint Michael and within the last century, has been destroyed by fire three times. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
123	Purakkad, Purakkad Grama Panchayath, Alappuzha District 1.     Poracad, Poracaud 2.     i) It (Poracad) is however populous and consists of a broad street lined with bazaars…the buildings of note are …the Romo Syrian church…Here are also the remains of a Portuguese fort and a factory in the sea to be seen at low water; ii) Poracaud, a very famous town a few years back, now much in decay as may be seen from the ruins of public buildings… a few buildings of note now remaining are a large Roman-Syrian church. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I; T&C-OD
124	Puthencavu, Chengannur Municipality. Alappuzha District 1.     Pootuncao, Pootunkaow, Pootencavu, Pootencaur 2.     i) although there is a considerable Christian population at Pootuncao in its neighbourhood…at Pootuncao, close to Chenganoor, there is a large Syrian church and population; ii) Pootunkaow, a Syrian village, forming a street of bazaars, with a neat church at the E. extremity lies from the above pagoda (of Chaenganoor, i.e. Chengannur) E.N.E. 13/4 miles, on the south bank of the Pumbay (Pamba river); iiia) on approaching the Syrian church at Pootencavu the river divides off in two branches a large and regular Syrian town, a place of some trade, with a church at the west end of it, on the left bank of the Pumbay (Pamba) river; iiib) past Pootencaur, a large and regular Syrian town, a place of some trade, with a church at the west end of it, on the left bank of the Pumbay river. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1, T&C-Vol. 2-I; T&C-OD
125	Puthenchira, Puthenchira Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District 1.     Puthuncherra, Pootunchayree 2.     i) The chief place of an insulated tract of Travancore, but more remarkable as being the residence of the Bishop of Kodungaloor: there is here a small neat Bazaar and a spacious and handsome Church; ii) In the long list of religious buildings and places is included (in Mukkundapuram District) four churches belonging to the Christians, but none of those are of any particular note, on the average each would possess a congregation of eight hundred and thirty- seven (837) souls, but this number will be considerably reduced by deducting those belonging to Pootunchayree church and some few large ones in its vicinity. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1, T&C-Vol. 2-II
126	Puthenthope or Puthanthope, Kadinamkulam Grama Panchayath, Thiruvananthapuram District 1.     Poontentoray 2.     Took a station at Poontentoray C. church and another on an elevated mound south-east of it and lying near the coast, which is lined with fishermen’s houses in cocoanut plantations. 3.     T&C-OD
127	Puthenvelikkara, Puthenvelikkara Grama Panchayath, Ernakulam DistrictS 1.     Puthumvaylecuray, Pootunvaleecurray, Pootunvaleccurray, Pootunvalaecurray, Pootunvalecurray 2.     i) Puthumvaylecuray is a small Bazaar and Church; ii) Pootunvalecurray, Pootunvaleecurray, Pootunvalaecurray, Pootunvalecurray –church (Table)* 3.     T&C-Vol. 1; T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: *Puthenvelikkara Church is used as a reference station for 16 villages in the Codachayree District of Cochin.
128	Puthukkad or Pudukkad, Pudukad Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District 1.     Poodhoocaad 2.     The Petta of the above name being the most remarkable place, it is inhabited by Christians who as usual cluster around a church, that here is rather spacious and belongs to the Romo-Syrians 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II
129	Puthuppally, Puthuppally Grama Panchayath, Kottayam District 1.     Poodupully, Pudupully 2.     i) Poodupully is chiefly Christians, in the vicinity of a fine modern Syrian Church; ii) Pudupully, N.N. 28 miles (should be @ 10 miles) from Chunganashairy (Changanassery) is situated on the border of a navigable channel the Kodoor Aur (Kodoor river) with an extensive sheet of cultivation, it is populous and inhabited by Syrian Maupolays (Mappilas) who have houses on the road towards Meenachel (Meenachil) and a bazaar on the west, some of them being very opulent people. The Syrian Church is in a pleasant situation, is modern, extensive and one of the neatest edifices in the country; iii) Poodupully, the head of a sub-division, is a populous place, the inhabitants consisting chiefly of Syrians and Nayres (Nairs)…the country in either side rises and forms low hills covered with jungle, the scenery all around is very beautiful; there is a substantial modern Syrian church at it on a pleasant spot, on a large scale, affording much accommodation which however is made no use of, the cartanars or priests having houses of their own in the Bazaar street. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1; T&C-Vol. 2-I; T&C-OD
130	Puthusserry near Kunnamkulam, Chowannur Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District 1.     Poodhoochayree 2.     Poodhoochayree is a little miserable Christian Ungady and church that at Cowannunchittoor (Chowannur) is still smaller but resembles the previous one in every other particular. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: Today, Puthussery South and Puthussery North are two Wards in the Chowannur Grama Panchayath.
131	Rayamangalam, Rayamangalam Grama Panchayath, Ernakulam DistrictS 1.     Raimungalum 2.     Raimungalum has a Pagoda and Church, Christians forming its principal inhabitants. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1
132	Ranni, Ranni Grama Panchayath, Pathanamthitta District 1.     Ranee, Rannee 2.     i) Ranee, Arramolay (Aranmula), Chenganoor (Chengannur), Manaur (Mannar), and Nairenum (Niranam), are extensive Towns, with a large but mixed population, scattered along the banks of the winding Pumbay (Pamba), which are fringed with groves and decorated with Pagodas and Churches; that of Ranee (belonging to the Syrians) situated on a Rock overhangs the River; ii) Ranee, the capital of a sub-division is situated on a superior winding of the Pumbay (Pamba River)…the inhabitants are Nairs, Syrians and Maupoolays, who occupy both sides of the river… the Syrians have a church on the right bank on an elevated black rock, a small edifice surrounded by a wall; iii) Rannee the capital of & sub-division in the Mavillykerry (Mavelikkara) District…and on a rock a short distance to the west is a Syrian church rather antique but small; the population is extensive composed of Nayre (Nair) and Syrians and some of the lower classes as Shaners (Shanar), Poliers (Pulayar), &c. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1; T&C-Vol. 2-I; T&C-OD
133	Thalassery, Thalassery Municipality, Kannur District 1.     Tellicherry (2 churches) 2.     To the West of the Castle and fronting sea is a modern Protestant Church and Burying ground adjoining it only divided by a wall is a Roman Catholic Church he former was built by subscription, and though of very good materials, it was found necessary to prop it up by buttresses a few years after it was finished. 3.     DMM
134	Thangassery, Kollam Corporation, Kollam District 1.     Tungumsherry, Chungumcherry (2 churches) 2.     i) Tungumsherry- one mile on the west is a British Settlement… It was originally a fort built on the jutting of an head land of laterite into the sea, the remnants of its walls are indicative of its former strength, the length of it is 21/2 furlongs East and West and its mean breadth 1 furlong, the vestiges of the old Portuguese Tower and Belfry are melancholy mementos of past times; the ground is now converted into a Protestant burial ground. This town is composed of four regular streets, intersected by narrow lanes walled and divided off into compounds and the houses of the Portuguese and Dutch inhabitants; almost in the centre is a Roman Catholic Church; …On the west and without the precincts is a Latin Church, dependent on the Bishopric of Goa…The inhabitants are Roman Catholics, several of whom held lucrative situations under the late Dutch Government…There are no bazaars at it, but a line of houses kept by Mukua Christians where they vend different species of boiled and baked food, also fish, tobacco and spirits. ii) at the burial ground at Chungumcherry. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I, T&C-OD
135	Thankey Palli, Kadakkarappally Grama Panchayath, Alappuzha District 1.     Sungypully 2.     A Roman-Syrian church, in the Cuddacurrapully (Kadakkarapalli) village. 3.     T&C-OD
136	Thevalakkara, Thevalakkara Grama Panchayath, Kollam District 1.     Davelakurra, Davellakerra 2.     Davelakurra sub-division forms the S.E. portion of this district… at the east extremity is a pagoda of some note: the ruins of a Syrian church destroyed 45 years ago 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
137	Thirumullavaram, Kollam Corporation, Kollam District 1.     Teruvellaur 2.     A Roman Catholic Church on the coast 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
138	Thiruvalla, Thiruvalla Municipality, Pathanamthitta District 1.     Sirvullaba, Tirwulla 2.     i) Sirvullaba, commonly called Tirwulla and the capital of the district lies situated 9 miles N.N.E. of Muvillykurray (Mavelikkara), deriving its celebrity from a large antique pagoda… The Syrians are erecting a church ½ a mile on the north of a pagoda, which had been on a former occasion burnt to the ground by the higher classes in its vicinity; ii) here (Tirwulla) is also a Syrian church on the east, which some years ago immediately on its being finished, was burnt to the ground by the other cast people; they have since raised it again, though still in an unfinished state, and at present Mass is performed in it to a large congregation 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I; T&C-OD
139	Thodupuzha, Thodupuzha Municipality, Idukki District 1.     Todawulla 2.     It is composed of Syrians who have a chapel 3.     T&C-OD
140	Thottackad or Thottakkadu, Puthuppally Grama Panchayath, Kottayam District 1.     Thotacad 2.     Syro Roman Churches at Thotacad and Nedeucoonum (Nedumkunnam) 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
141	Thrippunithura or Tripunithura, Tripunithura Municipality, Ernakulam District 1.     Teereepuneythoray tho, Tiripooneythoray 2.     Teereepuneythoray tho' …The bazar or Petta of this place is small and as usual inhabited by Christians, who have a church but on a minute scale tho' belonging to both sects (Romans and Syrians?) 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II
142	Thrissur, Thrissur Corporation, Thrissur District 1.     Trichoouapayroor, Trichoouapayrour Trichoowapayroor, Trichoowapayrour, Trichoowapayrur, Trichoor 2.     i) Trichoowapayroor commonly designated Trichoor…The habitations of the Christians only are in a more compact form, the population belonging to this caste is collected in the vicinity of a Romo-Syrian Church, from which runs several streets; ii) the most regular of the town (Trichoor) is in the south-east quarter, near a modern Roman Syrian church forming streets; the bazaar occupied chiefly by Christians of the Roman Catholic faith. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II; T&C-OD
143	Thumpamon, Thumpamon Grama Panchayath, P athanamthitta District 1.     Toombanum, Toombonum, Toombaconum 2.     ia) Toombonum, a Syrian village lies E.S.E. 3 miles of Toovaloor (i.e Thonnalloor-Pandalam). It is famous for its church, surrounded by a wall built about 3 centuries ago. It is the central mart of trade, and some of the inhabitants are opulent; ib) The Syrian church at Toombanum and Venmunnay (Venmony) are spacious but rude buildings; ii) A considerable Syrian village with a respectable large church 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I, T&C-OD
144	Thuruthoor, Puthenvelikkara Grama Panchayath, Ernakulam District 1.     Thuruthur 2.     Puthumvaylecuray (Puthenvelikkara) is a small Bazaar and Church; two more of which are seen at Thuruthur (Thuruthoor) and Kuthiathode, where the population is chiefly, Christian. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1
145	Tuet, Kollam Corporation, Kollam District 1.     Tuvetcudau 2.     Towards the north (of Kolum/Kollam) and near an arm of the backwater called Tuvetcudau is a range of Barracks, and verging the lake stands an ancient Roman Christian Church converted into an armoury. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
146	Udayamperoor, Udayamperoor Grama Panchayath, Ernakulam District 1.     Udhienpayrur 2.     Udhienpayrur and Kundannad (Kandanad) are Churches and rather small Christian Towns. The former place is remarkable as being the scene of the celebrated Synod at which that turbulent prelate Menezes presided. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1
147	Vaipur, Kottangal Grama Panchayath, Pathanamthitta District 1.     Vaypoor, Voypoor 2.     i) The Church of Vaypoor is prettily situated on a low elevation, and has a Petta in its vicinity; ii) Voypoor (Vaipur) 53/4 miles N.E. ½ of it, is a compact Christian village, and a large and elegant Romo Syrian church on an elevated site, between which and the river on its north is a range of bazaars kept by the Mapillas. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1, T&C-Vol. 2-I
148	Vadakkethara-Melarcode, Melarcode Grama Panchayath, Palakkad District 1.     Wuddukuturra, Wuddakunturra, Wuddakaturra 2.     i) Wuddukuturra S.E.3 miles, capital of a sub-division, is another Gramum with a Temple at each extremity, here is also Angady or Moplah bazaars, with a Romo Syrian Church to the S. W; ii) Wuddakaturra south east 3 miles, capital of a subdivision, and remarkable for a Gramum with a temple at each extremity, and Angady of Moplays, and a small Romo-Syrian church to the south west, the only edifice of the kind in the country. 3.     DMM, T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: Vadakkethara is a location in the Melarcode Grama Panchayath of Palakkad District. The small Romo-Syrian church mentioned here is the St Antony’s Church of Melarcode.
149	Valapad, Valapad Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District 1.     Wallapaad 2.     A bazar kept by Christians, who have a small Church here. 3.     DMM, T&C-Vol. 2-II
150	Valiyathura, Thiruvananthapuram Corporation, Thiruvananthapuram District 1.     Vulleatoray 2.     At it is a large warehouse and a Roman Catholic Church with outhouses. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
151	Varappuzha, Varapuzha Grama Panchayath, Ernakulam District 1.     Verrapully, Vurrapully, Verapolay 2.     i) On the little Island of Verrapully is the Church of St. Joseph, and also a Seminary. This is the residence of the Apostolic Vicar, and chief seat of the Romo Syrian Worship; but in this only rests its pretensions to notice; the place itself has but little claim to any particular attention. There was once here a Monastery of barefooted Carmelites; ii) Vurrapully Church* 3.     T&C-Vol. 1, T&C-Vol. 2-II (Table) 4.     Remarks: *As a reference station for 5 villages in the Kunneeanur (Kanayannur) District of Cochin, Vullarapully Proverty.
152	Veli, Thiruvananthapuram Corporation, Thiruvananthapuram District 1.     Vailey, Vaily 2.     i) Vailey is noted for its Roman Catholic Church; a Vicar resides here who has the superintendence of 9 churches; ii) Vaily church 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I; T&C-OD
153	Venduruthi, Cochin Corporation, Ernakulam District 1.     Vendoorty 2.     A Church 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II (Table)
154	Vengilassery, Velur Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District 1.     Veungallachayree, Vennuallachayree 2.     Chengaullyecotay contains twenty villages none of them known under the above designation, Veungallachayree has a Christian Ungady and Church as the largest may be considered the principal place of the subdivision. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: The church mentioned here is the Velur St Francis Xavier of the Arnose Padiri fame. Today, Vengilassery East and Arnnose Nagar are two adjacent Wards in the Velur Grama Panchayath of Thrissur District. Chengaullyecotay is Chengazhikode, the area of origin of the famous Chengalikodan Banana variety.
155	Venmony or Venmoney, Venmoney Grama Panchayath, Alappuzha District 1.     Venmunnay 2.     ia) Venmunnay is a conspicuous scattered village 41/2 miles west of Toovaloor (Thonnalloor of Pandalam?)… the Nairs live in compounds on either side of the road extending for about 3 Furlongs, the Syrians have a church on the south west quarter from whence a street runs north coming in contact with the former; ib) The Syrian churches at Toombanum (Thumpamon) and Venmunnay are spacious but rude buildings. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I
156	Vettikkal or Vettickal, Mulanthuruthy Grama Panchayath, Ernakulam District 1.     Velteekaat 2.     Mulienthuruttu (Mulanthuruthy) is amongst the most conspicuous but chiefly worthy of notice for its large Syrian church …as does that of Velteekaat (Vettikkal) which less in size …occupying the top of a low hill. 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: This Syrian church on a hill top near Mulanthuruthy is mostly the Vettikkal Kurishupalli (Dayarapalli). Today, Vettickal is a Ward in the Mulanthuruthy Grama Panchayath of Ernakulam District.
157	Vypin, Cochin Corporation, Ernakulam District 1.     Vyepu of Vypeen 2.     A Latin Church of neat and elegant building 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II 4.     Remarks: It is the Church of Our Lady of Hope in Vypin

 

II) LIST OF UNIDENTIFIED CHURCH SITES IN KERALA

DMM: Descriptive Memoir of Malabar; T&C-Vol. 1: Travancore and Cochin States, Volume 1; T&C-Vol. 2-I: Travancore and Cochin States, Volume 2, Part I, Travancore; T&C-Vol. 2-II: Travancore and Cochin States, Volume 2, Part II, Cochin; T&C-OD: Travancore and Cochin States, Official Diary by B. S. Ward. 

 

1	Aranmula (near), Aranmula Grama Panchayath, Pathanamthitta District 1.     Arramolay (2 churches) 2.     i) Ranee (Ranni), Arramolay, Chenganoor (Chengannur), Manaur (Mannar), and Nairenum (Niranam), are extensive Towns, with a large but mixed population, scattered along the banks of the winding Pumbay (Pamba), which are fringed with groves and decorated with Pagodas and Churches; ii) The Nayre (Nair) population here (Auramala, i.e Aranmula) is very great, the Syrians have two churches also on either side of the river (Pamba), a little in the interior. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1, T&C-OD 4.     Remarks: It is not clear from these statements that there was a church specifically at Aranmula, but a Christian presence in its vicinity is well evident. The two churches on the banks of Pamba river are yet to be identified.
2	Mannar, Mannar Grama Panchayath, Pathanamthitta District 1.     Manaur, Manar 2.     i) Ranee (Ranni), Arramolay (Aranmula), Chenganoor (Chengannur), Manaur, and Nairenum (Niranam), are extensive Towns, with a large but mixed population, scattered along the banks of the winding Pumbay (Pamba), which are fringed with groves and decorated with Pagodas and Churches; ii) Manar, 5 miles to the north is beautifully situated on an arm of the Pumbay (Pamba river), it is famous for its pagoda surrounded by a strong wall now in a state of dilapidation, the temple within is of elegant workmanship, dedicated to Mahadevar: on the side of the river is a straggling street of the shops kept by Maupoolays . 3.     T&C-Vol. 1, T&C-Vol. 2-I 4.      Remarks: It is not explicitly stated that there were churches in all the five places listed. However, churches specifically at Nirnaeum and Rannee are mentioned later. The pre- Diamper existence of Chenganoor is well known. If we assume the ‘Maupoolays’ in T&C-Vol. 2-I is referring to the Syrian Christians, a church at Manaur is a possibility.
3	Niranam (near), Niranam Grama Panchayath, Pathanamthitta District 1.     Noramun 2.     The famous Syrian church at Noramun 3½ miles S.E. of the capital is remarkable for its antiquity, and being immediately in the vicinity of pagoda of consequence, it is one of the seven primitive Syrian churches in Travancore and has a large congregation of Syrian Christians, who have a small church also on the bank of the Pumbay river close on the western confines of the District (Thirwulla, i.e. Thiruvalla). 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-I 4.     Remarks: This ‘small church on the bank of the Pumbay (Pamba) river’ also needs to be identified.
4	Veeriapooram, Alagappanagar Grama Panchayath, Thrissur District Unidentified 1.     Veeriapooram 2.     Veeriapooram (Village No. 55) in Mukundapuram District, Poodhoocaud (Puthukkad) Proverty- ‘Roman Church’ 3.     T&C-Vol. 2-II (Table) 4.     Remarks: The site appears only once, as a village in the Table appended for Mukundapuram District, Poodhoocaud (Puthukkad) Proverty. There are 19 villages listed in this proverty from No. 38 to No. 56, and Veeriapooram is No. 55. The neighbouring villages Pookode (No. 54) and Weundore (56), can be identified as Pookode-Vattanathara and Vendore, in Alagappanagar Grama Panchayath, but Veeriapooram remains unidentified.
5	Vettykull, Ernakulam or Idukki Districts 1.     Vettykull 2.     Cuddamuttum (Kadamattom), a large Church and Christian Village. –Vettykull, a smaller one (Church or Christian Village?), and Bazaar partly in both countries (?). –Thoduwully (Thodupuzha), a rather large Town at the foot of the Ghauts. 3.     T&C-Vol. 1 4.     Remarks: Vettikkal near Mulanthuruthy has been identified as Velteekaat previously. Moreover, this site lies in a different region. The identity of ‘Vettykull’ between Kadamattom and Thodupuzha remains to be dentified.